Albinism is a lifelong genetic condition affecting the body’s ability to produce melanin—the pigment responsible for skin color, hair, and eyes. While it does not worsen over time, it influences both physical appearance and vision.

Effects on Skin and Hair
Individuals with albinism have little to no melanin, which determines their hair and skin color. Some may have white or very light blonde hair, while others may have shades of brown or red, depending on the amount of melanin their body produces.

The skin is typically very pale and burns easily under the sun, with little to no tanning ability. This makes sun protection essential to prevent skin damage.

How Albinism Affects Vision
Melanin plays a critical role in the development of the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Without enough melanin, vision can be significantly affected. Common vision-related challenges include:

Poor eyesight – Difficulty seeing objects clearly due to nearsightedness, farsightedness, or overall low vision.
Astigmatism – Blurred vision caused by an irregular shape of the cornea or lens.
Photophobia – Sensitivity to bright light, making it uncomfortable to be in well-lit environments.
Nystagmus – Involuntary eye movements that can make focusing difficult.
Squint (Strabismus) – Eyes pointing in different directions, affecting depth perception.
Young children with albinism may struggle with coordination, making tasks like reaching for objects challenging. However, as they grow, they often learn to adapt and improve their motor skills.

Types of Albinism
Albinism is classified into two main types:

Oculocutaneous Albinism (OCA) – The most common form, affecting the skin, hair, and eyes.
Ocular Albinism (OA) – A rarer type that primarily affects vision.

Albinism is inherited through genetics, meaning it is passed down from parents. While there is no cure, proper eye care, sun protection, and support can help individuals manage the condition effectively and lead fulfilling lives.