A mouth ulcer is a painful sore that develops inside the mouth, making simple activities like eating, drinking, and speaking uncomfortable. These sores can appear on the gums, tongue, inner cheeks, inner lips, and roof of the mouth. They are usually red, yellow, or white and may appear alone or in clusters. Although mouth ulcers […]
A fissured tongue is a harmless condition where grooves or furrows appear on the tongue’s surface. Unlike a typical smooth tongue with tiny bumps called papillae, a fissured tongue has noticeable cracks or wrinkles. While an unusual appearance might suggest a problem, this condition is a natural variation and does not require medical treatment. How […]
Addison’s disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, is a rare disorder that affects the adrenal glands—two small organs located on top of the kidneys. These glands produce cortisol and aldosterone, two essential hormones that help regulate metabolism, blood pressure, and the body’s response to stress. In Addison’s disease, the adrenal glands become damaged, leading […]
Albinism is a lifelong genetic condition affecting the body’s ability to produce melanin—the pigment responsible for skin color, hair, and eyes. While it does not worsen over time, it influences both physical appearance and vision. Effects on Skin and HairIndividuals with albinism have little to no melanin, which determines their hair and skin color. Some […]
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe and life-threatening condition that occurs when the lungs fail to function properly. It is not a standalone illness but rather a serious complication that arises from other medical conditions. When ARDS develops, the lungs become inflamed and filled with fluid, making breathing extremely difficult. Immediate medical attention […]
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease that causes unpredictable hair loss, often appearing in small, round patches. While it can affect hair anywhere on the body, it most commonly occurs on the scalp. The term “alopecia” refers to hair loss, while “areata” describes its patchy nature. This condition occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks […]
Gingivitis is a mild yet common form of gum disease that causes irritation, swelling, redness, and bleeding in the gums—specifically around the base of the teeth. While it may seem harmless at first, ignoring gingivitis can lead to a far more severe condition known as periodontitis, which can result in tooth loss. Unlike periodontitis, gingivitis […]
Cavities are damaged areas on the hard surface of the teeth, leading to tiny openings or holes. These early signs of tooth decay can quickly escalate into painful infections, severe toothaches, and even tooth loss if left untreated. The most common causes include bacteria buildup, frequent snacking, excessive consumption of sugary drinks, and poor oral […]
The immune system is the body’s intricate defense against infection. This highly coordinated network of cells, organs, proteins, and tissues works tirelessly to protect the body from harmful invaders like bacteria, viruses, and parasites. A fully functioning immune system has the remarkable ability to distinguish between healthy cells and harmful substances. When it detects a […]
Cervical cancer begins in the cells of the cervix, the narrow lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. This type of cancer develops slowly, often starting with abnormal changes in cervical cells, known as dysplasia. If left untreated, these abnormal cells can turn cancerous, growing deeper into the cervix and potentially spreading […]