Albumin is a protein produced by the liver and is essential for maintaining various bodily functions. It is a crucial blood protein that helps maintain fluid balance in the body. It acts as a carrier for hormones, vitamins, and medications ensuring their effective transport additionally, albumin binds to bilirubin preventing jaundice. It supports immune functions by transporting antibodies and serves as a reservoir for nutrients aiding energy production and tissue repair.

Monitoring albumin levels is important for assessing overall health and detecting potential health problems. Normal albumin levels in the blood typically range between 3.4 and 5.4g per deciliter these levels may vary slightly depending on the specific laboratory and the reference range of high album levels used.

High albumin levels known as hyperalbuminemia are less common than low levels they can be caused by factors such as dehydration excessive protein intake severe burns, or certain medical conditions by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD, or multiple myeloma.

Low albumin levels (hypoalbuminemia)
Hypoalbuminemia can be caused by various factors including liver disease. Liver disorders such as cirrhosis, hepatitis, or liver failure can lead to decreased albumin production, resulting in low levels of kidney disease. Certain kidney conditions like nephrotic syndrome or chronic kidney disease can cause increased loss of albumin through urine leading to lower levels in the blood and malnutrition. An adequate intake of protein-rich foods or malabsorption issues can contribute to low albumin levels. Inflammatory conditions, and chronic inflammation such as in autoimmune disorders, for example, rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease can affect albumin synthesis and result in decreased levels.

Other causes
Other factors that can lead to low albumin levels include gastrointestinal disorders and certain medications, for example, steroids severe burns, or extensive skin injuries. Symptoms of low albumin levels may include: edema, swelling, particularly in the legs ankles, and abdomen as well as fatigue, weakness, and changes in urine output.