As a person grows older, recovering from common illnesses may sometimes take longer than it did in earlier years. This is partly because the immune system changes with age, affecting how the body responds to infections and inflammation.

The immune system is a vast network of cells and tissues that protects the body from harmful invaders. It includes an innate immune response, which acts as the body’s first line of defense, and an adaptive immune response, which remembers specific germs and responds more efficiently when they appear again.

With aging, some immune cells may become less effective, while other immune responses can contribute to long-term, low-level inflammation. This process, sometimes called inflammaging, may affect the body’s ability to respond efficiently to infections and may contribute to various age-related health challenges.

Fortunately, healthy lifestyle habits can support overall immune health. Quality sleep is important because the body carries out essential repair and immune functions during rest. Regular physical activity can also support healthy immune responses and help manage inflammation.

A balanced diet that includes a variety of minimally processed foods, vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, nuts, seeds and other nutritious options can contribute to overall wellbeing. Staying up to date with recommended vaccinations also helps the immune system recognise and respond to certain infections more effectively.

As the immune system ages, protecting overall health becomes increasingly important. By understanding how aging affects immunity and maintaining healthy habits, a person can support the body’s natural defenses and promote better wellbeing throughout later life.