Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, often called HIE, is a serious brain injury that can happen before, during, or shortly after childbirth. It occurs when a baby’s brain does not receive enough oxygen and blood for a period of time. The brain depends on a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients to function properly, and when this supply […]

Jaundice in babies is very common, especially in the first days of life, and in most cases it is harmless. It happens because newborns have a high number of red blood cells that break down quickly. When these cells break down, they produce a yellow substance called bilirubin. A baby’s liver is still developing, so […]

Hydrocephalus in infants is a serious condition that occurs when too much cerebrospinal fluid builds up inside the brain. This fluid collects in spaces called ventricles, causing them to widen and placing harmful pressure on the surrounding brain tissue. While this fluid normally protects and cushions the brain and spinal cord, problems arise when the […]

Dental plaque is a sticky layer of bacteria that constantly forms on the teeth. Its presence is completely normal, but when it is not removed regularly through brushing, flossing, and professional dental care, it can quietly damage oral health. Left unchecked, plaque can lead to cavities, gum disease, and more serious dental problems that affect […]

Burns can happen suddenly and can be frightening, but quick and correct first aid can greatly reduce pain, limit damage and even save lives. Knowing what to do in those first moments empowers anyone to act calmly and effectively while protecting the injured person from further harm. The first and most important step is to […]

Onchocerciasis, commonly known as river blindness, is a serious disease caused by a tiny parasitic worm. It spreads when a person is bitten repeatedly by infected blackflies that live and breed near fast-flowing rivers and streams. Once the parasite enters the body, it slowly grows and multiplies, eventually causing severe damage to the skin and […]

Jock itch is a common fungal infection that causes an itchy, burning rash in the groin area, inner thighs, and the crease between the buttocks. The infection behaves much like ringworm, creating irritated skin that may crack, peel, or develop small bumps or blisters. The colour of the rash can vary, but it often looks […]